表示义务、意图或建议:必须,应该
i must leave at six today. 我今天必须六点钟离开。
i must write a letter to the head teacher. 我非得给校长写封信不可。(强烈意图)
you must go and see that film——you'd really enjoy it. 你得去看看那部电影,你会真的喜欢它的。(提建议)
表示推测:必定,一定
the light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还是亮的,他一定在家。
the light was out. they must have gone to bed. 灯都熄了,他们必定睡了。
注意:1. must表示推测时的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能) ,因为must只用于肯定句,语气很强。2. 若对过去情况的推测用must have加过去分词。
表示主张:硬要,一定要
if you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。
the machine must break down at this busy hour. 正忙的时候机器偏偏坏了。
表示不可避免性:必然要,必定会
all men must die. 人总有一死。
must与have to的比较
must与have to都可以表示“必须”,其区别如下:
(1) must 强调主观上认为“必须”做某事,而have to 强调客观上要求“不得不”做某事。如:
you have to wear uniform on duty, don't you?你在值班时必须穿制服,是吗?
(2) have to较must有更多的时态,如过去式和将来时就要用had to与will have to。
yesterday morning i have to call on a friend. 昨天早上我必须要去探访一个朋友。(不用must)
但在间接引语里却往往用must。如:
yesterday morning i told my father that i must call on a friend. 昨天早上我告诉父亲,我必须要探访一个朋友。
(3) have to有非谓语形式,但must没有。如:
i hate having to get up so early. 我讨厌这第早就得起床。
(4) 在回答must引起的问句时,如果是否定的答复,可用don't have to或needn't(不必) ,但不能用mustn't(一定不,必须不,不允许,不得) 。如:
—must i clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗?
—yes, you must. 是的,你必须马上打扫。
—no, you don't have to (=needn't) . 不必啦。
you mustn't smoke in the office. 你不得在办公室抽烟。
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